La autonomía como base esencial para el desarrollo integral en la educación inicial
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2025-11-10
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Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública Víctor Andrés Belaunde
Resumen
El presente trabado de investigación tiene como objetivo explicar los fundamentos teóricos sobre la autonomía infantil como base del desarrollo integral de los niños en educación inicial. Para ello, se empleó el método de investigación documental, pues se revisaron diversas fuentes académicas, como artículos científicos, textos pedagógicos y psicológicos, que abordan la autonomía y el desarrollo infantil desde distintas perspectivas. Todo esto permitió sistematizar el conocimiento existente sobre el tema investigado, brindando una visión amplia y actualizada. De esta manera, a partir de los aportes de Piaget y Pikler, se comprende que la autonomía no solo implica que el niño actúe por sí mismo, sino que también aprenda a tomar decisiones, asumir responsabilidades y relacionarse activamente con su entorno. Asimismo, en el contexto educativo, se identifican manifestaciones concretas de esta autonomía, como la autorregulación, la iniciativa en el juego y la participación en el aprendizaje. Además, se analizan los factores familiares, escolares y pedagógicos que influyen en su desarrollo. Por consiguiente, se concluye que fomentar la autonomía desde los primeros años fortalece las dimensiones cognitiva, emocional, física y ética del niño, contribuyendo así a su formación integral y a una convivencia más consciente y respetuosa.
This research aims to explain the theoretical foundations of child autonomy as the basis for the holistic development of children in early childhood education. To this end, a documentary research method was employed, reviewing various academic sources, such as scientific articles, pedagogical texts, and psychological texts, that address autonomy and child development from different perspectives. This allowed for the systematization of existing knowledge on the topic, providing a broad and up-to-date overview. Thus, based on the contributions of Piaget and Pikler, it is understood that autonomy not only implies that the child acts independently, but also that they learn to make decisions, assume responsibilities, and actively interact with their environment. Likewise, in the educational context, concrete manifestations of this autonomy are identified, such as self-regulation, initiative in play, and participation in learning. Furthermore, the family, school, and pedagogical factors that influence its development are analyzed. Consequently, it is concluded that fostering autonomy from the early years strengthens the child's cognitive, emotional, physical, and ethical dimensions, thereby contributing to their holistic development and to a more conscious and respectful coexistence.
This research aims to explain the theoretical foundations of child autonomy as the basis for the holistic development of children in early childhood education. To this end, a documentary research method was employed, reviewing various academic sources, such as scientific articles, pedagogical texts, and psychological texts, that address autonomy and child development from different perspectives. This allowed for the systematization of existing knowledge on the topic, providing a broad and up-to-date overview. Thus, based on the contributions of Piaget and Pikler, it is understood that autonomy not only implies that the child acts independently, but also that they learn to make decisions, assume responsibilities, and actively interact with their environment. Likewise, in the educational context, concrete manifestations of this autonomy are identified, such as self-regulation, initiative in play, and participation in learning. Furthermore, the family, school, and pedagogical factors that influence its development are analyzed. Consequently, it is concluded that fostering autonomy from the early years strengthens the child's cognitive, emotional, physical, and ethical dimensions, thereby contributing to their holistic development and to a more conscious and respectful coexistence.
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autonomía, desarrollo integral, educación inicial, autonomy, holistic development, early childhood education