Aprendizaje significativo de la matemática en educación inicial
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Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública Víctor Andrés Belaunde
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos del aprendizaje significativo de la matemática, así como el rol docente y las estrategias que favorecen el desarrollo de competencias en educación inicial. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión documental consultando artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas y alojadas en repositorios de instituciones académicas, así como libros de autores reconocidos que recogen los aportes del enfoque constructivista y orientaciones del Ministerio de Educación. Los resultados permitieron comprender que el aprendizaje de la matemática en la infancia no se produce de manera mecánica, sino que se construye de forma progresiva a través del juego, en la interacción con otros y con el entorno, así como con la manipulación de materiales concretos. Se concluye que el aprendizaje significativo de la matemática en los niños avanza gradualmente a partir de experiencias directas que parten de sus saberes previos y les permiten construir relaciones lógicas entre los elementos del entorno, de modo que el nuevo conocimiento matemático adquiere sentido y puede ser aplicado en situaciones de la vida cotidiana; así mismo, es necesario un docente que acompañe el proceso de aprendizaje respetando los ritmos de cada niño.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of meaningful mathematics learning, as well as the teacher's role and the strategies that foster the development of competencies in early childhood education. To this end, a literature review was conducted, consulting scientific articles published in indexed journals and hosted in repositories of academic institutions, as well as books by recognized authors that incorporate the contributions of the constructivist approach and guidelines from the Ministry of Education. The results revealed that mathematics learning in childhood does not occur mechanically, but rather is constructed progressively through play, interaction with others and the environment, and the manipulation of concrete materials. It is concluded that meaningful mathematics learning in children progresses gradually from direct experiences that build upon their prior knowledge and allow them to construct logical relationships between elements of their environment, so that new mathematical knowledge acquires meaning and can be applied in everyday life situations. Likewise, it is essential for teachers to support the learning process while respecting each child's individual pace.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of meaningful mathematics learning, as well as the teacher's role and the strategies that foster the development of competencies in early childhood education. To this end, a literature review was conducted, consulting scientific articles published in indexed journals and hosted in repositories of academic institutions, as well as books by recognized authors that incorporate the contributions of the constructivist approach and guidelines from the Ministry of Education. The results revealed that mathematics learning in childhood does not occur mechanically, but rather is constructed progressively through play, interaction with others and the environment, and the manipulation of concrete materials. It is concluded that meaningful mathematics learning in children progresses gradually from direct experiences that build upon their prior knowledge and allow them to construct logical relationships between elements of their environment, so that new mathematical knowledge acquires meaning and can be applied in everyday life situations. Likewise, it is essential for teachers to support the learning process while respecting each child's individual pace.
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